[Topic-3] 人類史における人工知能の位置付け /
         The Place of Artificial Intelligence in Human History

人類史における人工知能(Artificial Intelligence, AI)の位置付けについて,検討を行います.2023年末に発表した以下の論文[4][4']では,まず背景として,AIを「人類にとって最悪にして最後の発明」と捉える否定派の主張と,AIは当面の間,人類に脅威をもたらす存在にはなり得ないとする肯定派の主張を紹介しています.次に,AIが人類にとって脅威となるのか,それとも貢献者となるのかというトピックを,運転手,医師,教師の仕事を例に挙げ,これらの職業がAIによって支援される,または,代替される現状と将来について議論しています.最後に,シンギュラリティが現実化する可能性と,「富と力の源泉としての人間」という役割が失われた場合,世界がどのように変化するのかについて,考察を行っています.

This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in human history. In the following papers [4][4'] published at the end of 2023, I first provide background by introducing the perspectives of AI skeptics, who regard AI as "humanity's worst and final invention," and AI proponents, who argue that AI is unlikely to pose a threat to humanity in the foreseeable future. Next, I explore the topic of whether AI is a threat or a contributor to humanity by using the jobs of drivers, doctors, and teachers as examples. The discussion focuses on the current state and future prospects of these professions being supported or replaced by AI. Finally, I consider the possibility of the singularity becoming a reality and how the world might change if humanity loses its role as the "source of wealth and power."

[4] 藤井雄作,“人類史における人工知能の位置付け”,社会安全とプライバシー,Vol.7, No.1, pp.1-4, 2023.
https://jjssp.e-jikei.org/ARCHIVES/vol07no01/JpnJSSP_vol07_no01_p01.pdf

[4] Y. Fujii, The Place of Artificial Intelligence in Human History, Journal of Technology and Social Science, Vol.7, No.2, pp.1-5, 2023. (Translated from [4]: JpnJSSP, Vol.7, No.1, pp.1-4, 2023).
http://jtss.e-jikei.org/issue/archives/v07n02/JTSS_v07n02a001.pdf

AIの人類に対する脅威の根源は以下に集約されると考える.すなわち,人類の歴史で,世界のそれぞれの時と場所において,「人々を効率的に使った国家,仕組み」が,発展してきた.例えば,現代においては民主主義・資本主義が,人々を有効に活用して,力を持ち,一定の発展を遂げてきた.しかしながら,シンギュラリティを経たAIが登場すると,「科学技術の発展」,「新機能を持った製品の発明」,「工業生産・農業生産の実施」,が全てAIにより実行可能となり,もはや,「ヒト」が必要ではなくなる可能性が出て来る.すなわち,国家,仕組みが発展する上で,有意に立つ上で,「人々を効率的に活用する」ことが,全く不要になる.人類の歴史における,大前提「人々をより効率的に使った国家・仕組みが,他の国家・仕組みを淘汰する」が崩壊する.この後,「どのような仕組み」が地上を支配し,「民主主義・資本主義」が淘汰されていくのか? 恐ろしい脅威が迫っていると考える.

The root of the threat AI poses to humanity can be summarized as follows: Throughout human history, at every time and place in the world, "nations and systems that efficiently utilized people" have thrived and advanced. For instance, in the modern era, democracy and capitalism have effectively harnessed human potential, gained power, and achieved significant development. However, with the advent of AI following the singularity, it may become possible for AI to handle everything, including "scientific and technological advancement," "the invention of products with new functions," and "the execution of industrial and agricultural production." This raises the potential for a future where "humans" are no longer necessary. In other words, for nations and systems to progress and gain an advantage, "efficiently utilizing people" may become entirely unnecessary. This would dismantle the fundamental premise of human history: "Nations and systems that more efficiently utilized people outcompete and eliminate others." What kind of systems will dominate the earth after this? How will "democracy and capitalism" be replaced? A terrifying threat looms ahead.

AIが人類を淘汰する可能性は,極めて重大な脅威である.しかしながら,それ以前に,ヒトでは無くAIを上手く使った国家・仕組みの出現も,また,民主主義に対する重大な脅威となる.そして,この変化は,不可逆であり,ひとたび,起こった後は,元に戻すことは不可能であることが懸念される.

The possibility of AI eliminating humanity poses an extremely grave threat. However, even before that, the emergence of nations and systems that effectively utilize AI instead of humans also represents a significant threat to democracy. Moreover, this change is irreversible, and there is concern that once it occurs, it will be impossible to revert.

AIの先行開発者には莫大な利益が期待されるため,世界中のテック企業・研究期間の研究者が莫大な研究費をつぎ込み研究開発にしのぎを削っている状況である.その先にある「人類に対する脅威」には目を瞑って,研究開発に邁進する企業・研究期間の研究者が大多数のように見える.一部で,AIの研究開発を一時停止して,AIの研究開発に有効な規制をかけるべきであるという主張もあるが,「自分が出遅れているので,時間稼ぎをしたいだけではないか」などの批判もあり,上手くはいかないようである.著者も,AIの脅威を排除するには,具体的にどうしたら良いか?分からない.このまま成り行きに任せるしかないのだろうか?

The pioneers in AI development stand to gain enormous profits, leading tech companies and research institutions worldwide to pour vast amounts of funding into fiercely competitive research and development. Many of these organizations and researchers appear to forge ahead with development while turning a blind eye to the potential "threats to humanity" that lie ahead. There are some voices advocating for a temporary pause in AI research and for implementing effective regulations to govern its development. However, these calls are often met with criticism, such as accusations that proponents are merely trying to "buy time because they are falling behind." As a result, these efforts have not been successful. The author admits to not knowing what concrete steps should be taken to eliminate the threats posed by AI. Are we left with no choice but to let things take their course?

2025年においては,人類に対する致命的脅威になりうるAIに関して,深く考察し,著名な英文学術誌に論文発表することを目指します.上記[4][4]の学術誌,「社会安全とプライバシー」と「Journal of Social Science and Technology」は,共に,私が編集長であり,私が理事長であるNPOe自警ネットワーク研究会が出版元になります.「次の論文」は,著名な英文学術誌で発表し,広く学術的価値を認められることを目指します.このテーマは,潜在的な社会的貢献の観点からは,私の研究テーマの中で最重要ですが,当面は,「考察を続ける」,「考察の成果を論文発表する」ということで,進めていきたいと考えています.

In 2025, I aim to deeply explore AI as a potential existential threat to humanity and publish a paper on the topic in a renowned English-language academic journal. The academic journals mentioned above, "Social Safety and Privacy" and the "Journal of Social Science and Technology", are both published by the NPO Self-Monitoring Network Research Association, for which I serve as Editor-in-Chief and Chairman. The upcoming paper will aim to be published in a distinguished English-language academic journal to gain widespread academic recognition. This topic is the most critical among my research themes from the perspective of its potential societal contributions. For now, I intend to proceed by "continuing my exploration" and "publishing the results of my considerations in academic papers."

 

 


[Topic-4] e自警ネットワーク / e-JIKEI Network

昔の地域社会に存在した相互見守り,自警を,電子情報通信技術の助けを借りて,現代に再現したいという思いから,「e自警ネットワーク」という名前を付けました.私たちは,日本を次のようにしたいと考えています.
*
防犯カメラ(見守りカメラ)で,死角なく見守られた日本の実現.
*
但し,一般市民のプライバシーは厳重に保護される日本の実現.
*
そして,日本発の安全・安心な地域社会の実現法を,世界中の地域社会に広げたい!
e自警ネットワーク」の普及より,子どもが誘拐されることのない社会,ただし,一般市民のプライバシーは厳格に保護される社会の実現を願っています.

The name The e-JIKEI Network was inspired by the desire to recreate, in the modern era, the mutual watchfulness and self-monitoring that existed in traditional local communities, with the assistance of electronic information and communication technologies. Our vision for Japan is as follows:
* To achieve a Japan where surveillance cameras (monitoring cameras) provide comprehensive coverage without blind spots.
* To ensure that the privacy of ordinary citizens is rigorously protected.
* To spread Japan's safe and secure community model to local communities around the world!
Through the promotion of the e-JIKEI Network, we aspire to create a society where children are never abducted and the privacy of ordinary citizens is strictly safeguarded.

NPOe自警ネットワーク研究会は,2002年に任意団体として設立され,2009年にNPO法人化されました.2004年に自宅前見守り用ソフトの無料ダウンロードサービス開始以来,これまで,新聞・TVで約200,紹介されています.

The NPO e-JIKEI Network Promotion Institute was established as a voluntary organization in 2002 and became an NPO in 2009. Since the launch of the free download service for home-front monitoring software in 2004, the organization has been featured approximately 200 times in newspapers and on TV.

2016年に発表した論文「5」では,全ての街路灯にネットワークカメラを内蔵させることの実現可能性について,論じています.街路灯にネットワークカメラを組み込むことで,犯罪防止や行方不明者の発見など社会安全性が向上すると同時に,低コストでの実現が可能です.一方で,プライバシー侵害や監視社会化への懸念が課題であり,悪用防止のためのアクセス制御や閲覧履歴の記録など,技術的・社会的な対策が必要です.この仕組みが信頼されることで,新たな社会インフラとして受け入れられる可能性があります.

 

In the paper [5], published in 2016, we discussed the feasibility of integrating network cameras into all streetlights. By embedding network cameras into streetlights, we can enhance social safety through crime prevention and the discovery of missing persons while achieving implementation at a low cost. However, challenges such as privacy violations and concerns about a surveillance society arise. To prevent misuse, technical and social measures are necessary, including access controls and maintaining complete records of browsing history. By building trust in this system, it has the potential to be accepted as a new form of social infrastructure.

 [5] Yusaku Fujii and Noriaki Yoshiura, Will every streetlight have network cameras in the near future?, SCIENCE, eLetter (21 October 2016).
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6221/504/tab-e-letters

上記の論文[5]では,以下のような議論を展開しています.
In the aforementioned paper [5], the following discussions are presented:

1.     街路灯とネットワークカメラの統合の可能性
Integration of Streetlights and Network Cameras

2.     社会安全性への貢献 / Contribution to Social Safety

·         Beyond solving issues such as tracking criminals and finding missing persons, the system is expected to have a crime deterrent effect.

·         With a sufficiently high camera density, even low-quality cameras can enable reliable tracking.

·         Technologies such as automatic tracking of individuals and vehicles, as well as automatic detection of abnormal behavior, could be applied to this infrastructure.

·         Adjusting the brightness of streetlights as needed can also help save energy consumption.

3.     監視社会化への懸念と対応策 /
Concerns About a Surveillance Society and Countermeasures

4. 社会的受容性の条件 / Conditions for Social Acceptance

 

2002年の研究開始当時はほとんど存在しなかった街路カメラが,現在では目覚ましい普及を遂げています.しかし,街路カメラの普及が圧倒的に進んでいる中国ですら,「公共空間のすべての地点が1台以上の街路カメラの視野に入る」という状況には至っていません.今後,カメラ内蔵街路灯の普及などを通じて,街路カメラの高密度化が進み,「公共空間のあらゆる地点が1台以上の街路カメラの視野に入る」ことが現実となると予想されます.その時に備え,「一般市民のプライバシーをいかにして確実に保護するか」という課題を解決することが,民主主義国家での受容に不可欠であると考えられます.「街路カメラの無死角設置による、子どもが誘拐されない社会」の実現には,「一般市民のプライバシーが厳格に保護される社会」を構築することが必要条件であると考えます.

When research began in 2002, street cameras were almost nonexistent, but their proliferation has since seen remarkable progress. However, even in China, where the deployment of street cameras has advanced significantly, the situation where every point in public spaces falls within the view of at least one street camera has not yet been achieved. In the future, with the widespread adoption of streetlights equipped with built-in cameras, the density of street cameras is expected to increase, making it possible for every point in public spaces to fall within the view of at least one street camera. To prepare for that reality, addressing the challenge of how to ensure the robust protection of the privacy of ordinary citizens will be essential for acceptance in democratic nations. Achieving a society where children cannot be abducted, made possible by the seamless placement of street cameras requires the establishment of a society where the privacy of ordinary citizens is rigorously protected as a necessary condition.

2005年においては,上記 [Topic-2] AI出力に対する規制 / Regulation of AI-outputに伴走する形で,研究を進めていきたいと考えています.

In 2025, I aim to advance research in tandem with the aforementioned "[Topic-2] Regulation of AI Output," to address these challenges.